heritage event

       大家好，今天我将为大家详细介绍heritage event的问题。为了更好地呈现这个问题，我将相关资料进行了整理，现在就让我们一起来看看吧。

1.关于汶川大地震一写感人事迹的英文作文

2.急！英文翻译2

3.帮忙找英语文章

4.求一篇英语演讲稿

关于汶川大地震一写感人事迹的英文作文

       Rescues scene in Mianyang's, a school's main classroom building collapsed most, more than 100 children are pressed under. The soldiers already snatched several children and more than 30 corpses in the ruins. However in rescues the most essential time, the sudden classroom building's ruins occur once more collapse, enters the ruins to be equal to nearly again brings death. But several soldiers must drill toward, by now collapsed has occurred, that several the soldier who drills toward in is towed stubbornly immediately by other soldiers, a soldier knelt down has cried, human who to was towing him said that “you let me rescue one again, asked you to let me rescue one again! I can also rescue one again!”

       Yesterday noon, Pingwu County Nanba Town. The weather is getting more and more cloudy, is catching up with in Henan airborne troops some group political office Director Liu Meng and 70 officers and soldiers is putting up the account awning for the disaster victims, “certainly must before the heavy rain builds the account awning”. The time passed through 12 points, Liu had instructed fiercely the soldiers quickly eat dry rations, by now, touching appeared. before the 5 villagers and in two child hand carries the bowl to arrive at the troop. “People's Liberation Army comrade, eats the rice water! Rests, just boiled well, drinks before it's too late! Here also has the brined vegetable which we pickle!”A child treats the soldiers to shout. the soldiers knew at heart, because the transportation is inconvenient, the disaster area lives of the people condition is difficult, where also has the unnecessary grain? Bowl of are braving the steam rice water end to the soldier in front, a person has not drunk. “sister-in-law, we have eaten, the rice water you drink!”A soldier said. The villagers persuade repeatedly, but the soldiers insist on are not willing to meet the bowl. By now, entangled the bandage uncle carries the bowl to arrive at Liu fiercely directly front, the both legs one curved must kneel down, Liu Meng and several soldiers support hurriedly old person. Old person said: “if does not have you, my this already buried the old bones under the stone has been rotten, comrade, they listened to you, you first drank one!” the soldier on the scene has turned head not to endure to look that the tear spins in the eye socket. “good, drinks!”Liu carries fiercely old person in hand's bowl, min, then has passed to-duty platoon leader gently, platoon leader has drunk one, also gives the bowl a soldier. The bowl is transmitting in the soldiers hand, is similar to transmits the disaster area people boiling hot to feel grateful the heart to the People's Liberation Army. 3 hour later, the account awning put up completely finishes, after this troop set, withdrew from quietly. The soldiers shrivelled satchel flutters with the wind in the waist, the inside dry rations actually disappear without a trace. 5:00 pm, when after the populace move the income awning discovered that ground is putting foods neatly and so on pickled mustard tuber, ham intestines, instant noodles.

急！英文翻译2

       Statue of Liberty

       Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde), known more commonly as the Statue of Liberty, is a statue given to the United States by France in 1885, standing at Liberty Island in the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor as a welcome to all visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans. The copper statue, dedicated on October 28, 1886, commemorates the centennial of the United States and is a gesture of friendship between the two nations. The sculptor was Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, the designer of the Eiffel Tower, engineered the internal structure. Eugène Viollet-le-Duc was responsible for the choice of copper in the statue's construction and adoption of the Repoussé technique.

       The statue depicts a woman, standing upright, dressed in a flowing robe and a spiked crown, holding a stone tablet close to her body in her left hand and a flaming torch high in her right hand. The statue is made of verdigris copper with the exception of the flame of the torch, which is coated in gold leaf. It stands atop a rectangular stonework pedestal, itself on an irregular eleven-pointed star foundation. The statue is 151 feet, 1 inch tall, with the foundation adding another 154 feet. The tablet contains the text "July IV MDCCLXXVI", commemorating the date of the United States Declaration of Independence. The interior of the pedestal contains a bronze plaque inscribed with the poem The New Colossus by Emma Lazarus.

       The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable icons of the U.S. worldwide,[1] and, in a more general sense, represents liberty and escape from oppression. The Statue of Liberty was, from 1886 until the Jet age, often the first glimpse of the United States for millions of immigrants after ocean voyages from Europe. In terms of visual impact, the Statue of Liberty appears to draw inspiration from il Sancarlone or the Colossus of Rhodes.

       History

       Discussions in France over a suitable gift to the United States to mark the Centennial of the American Declaration of Independence were headed by the politician and sympathetic writer of the history of the United States, ?douard René Lefèvre de Laboulaye. French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture with the year 1876 in mind for completion. The idea for the commemorative gift then grew out of the political turmoil which was shaking France at the time. The French Third Republic was still considered as a "temporary" arrangement by many, who wished a return to Monarchism, or to some form of constitutional authoritarianism which they had known under Napoleon. The idea of giving a colossal representation of republican virtues to a "sister" republic across the sea served as a focus for the republican cause against other politicians.

       Various sources cite different models for the face of the statue. One indicated the then-recently widowed Isabella Eugenie Boyer, the wife of Isaac Singer, the sewing-machine industrialist. "She was rid of the uncouth presence of her husband, who had left her with only his most socially desirable attributes: his fortune and... his children. She was, from the beginning of her career in Paris, a well-known figure. As the good-looking French widow of an American industrialist she was called upon to be Bartholdi's model for the Statue of Liberty." [2] Another source believed that the "stern face" belonged to Bartholdi's mother, Charlotte Bartholdi (1801-1891), with whom he was very close. [3] National Geographic magazine also pointed to his mother, noting that Bartholdi never denied nor explained the resemblance. [4] The first model, on a small scale, was built in 1870. This first statue is now in the Jardin du Luxembourg in Paris.

       While in a visit to Egypt that was to shift his artistic perspective from simply grand to colossal, Bartholdi was inspired by the project of Suez Canal which was being undertaken by Count Ferdinand de Lesseps who later became a life-long friend to him. He envisioned a giant lighthouse standing at the entrance to Suez Canal and drew plans for it. It would be patterned after the Roman goddess Libertas, modified to resemble a robed Egyptian peasant, a fallaha, with light beaming out from both a headband and a torch thrust dramatically upward into the skies. Bartholdi presented his plans to the Egyptian Khediev, Isma'il Pasha, in 1867 and, with revisions, again in 1869, but the project was never commissioned.[5], [6]

       It was agreed upon that in a joint effort the American people were to build the base, and the French people were responsible for the Statue and its assembly in the United States. However, lack of funds was a problem on both sides of the Atlantic. In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment, and a lottery were among the methods used to raise the 2,250,000 francs. In the United States, benefit theatrical events, art exhibitions, auctions and prize fights assisted in providing needed funds. Meanwhile in France, Bartholdi required the assistance of an engineer to address structural issues associated with designing such a colossal copper sculpture. Gustave Eiffel (designer of the Eiffel Tower) was commissioned to design the massive iron pylon and secondary skeletal framework which allows the Statue's copper skin to move independently yet stand upright. Eiffel delegated the detailed work to his trusted structural engineer, Maurice Koechlin.

       On June 30, 1878, at the Paris Exposition, the completed head of the statue was showcased in the garden of the Trocadéro palace, while other pieces were on display in the Champs de Mars.

       Back in America, the site, authorized in New York Harbor by Act of Congress, 1877, was selected by General William Tecumseh Sherman, who settled on Bartholdi's own choice, then known as Bedloe's Island, where there was already an early 19th century star-shaped fortification.

       Bartholdi's design patentOn February 18, 1879, Bartholdi was granted a design patent, U.S. Patent D11023, on "a statue representing Liberty enlightening the world, the same consisting, essentially, of the draped female figure, with one arm upraised, bearing a torch, and while the other holds an inscribed tablet, and having upon the head a diadem, substantially as set forth." The patent described the head as having "classical, yet severe and calm, features," noted that the body is "thrown slightly over to the left so as to gravitate upon the left leg, the whole figure thus being in equilibrium," and covered representations in "any manner known to the glyptic art in the form of a statue or statuette, or in alto-relievo or bass-relief, in metal, stone, terra-cotta, plaster-of-paris, or other plastic composition."[7]

       Fundraising for the pedestal, led by William M. Evarts, was going slowly, so Joseph Pulitzer (who established the Pulitzer Prize) opened up the editorial pages of his newspaper, The World, to support the fund raising effort. Pulitzer used his newspaper to criticize both the rich, who had failed to finance the pedestal construction, and the middle class who were content to rely upon the wealthy to provide the funds[citation needed]. Pulitzer's campaign of harsh criticism was successful in motivating the people of America to donate. (It also promoted his newspaper, which purportedly added ~50,000 subscribers in the course of the statue campaign effort.)

       Financing for the pedestal, designed by American architect Richard Morris Hunt, was completed in August 1884. The cornerstone was laid on August 5, and pedestal construction was finished on April 22, 1886. When the last stone of the pedestal was swung into place the masons reached into their pockets and showered into the mortar a collection of silver coins.

       Built into the pedestal's massive masonry are two sets of four iron girders, connected by iron tie beams that are carried up to become part of Eiffel's framework for the statue itself. Thus Liberty is integral with her pedestal.

       The Statue was completed in France in July, 1884 and arrived in New York Harbor on June 17, 1885 on board the French frigate Isere. To prepare for transit, the Statue was reduced to 350 individual pieces and packed in 214 crates. (The right arm and the torch, which were completed earlier, had been exhibited at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1876, and thereafter at Madison Square in New York City.) The Statue was re-assembled on her new pedestal in four months' time. On October 28, 1886, the Statue of Liberty was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland in front of thousands of spectators. (Ironically, it was Cleveland who, as Governor of the State of New York, had earlier vetoed a bill by the New York legislature to contribute $50,000 to the building of the pedestal.) [8] In any event, she was a centennial gift ten years belated.

       The Statue of Liberty was a real lighthouse from 1886 to 1902 ([2] [3]). At that time the US Lighthouse board was responsible for its operation. In fact there was a lighthouse keeper and the electric light could be seen for 24 miles (39 km) at sea. There was an electric plant on the island to generate power for the light.

       In 1916, the Black Tom Explosion caused $100,000 worth of damage to the statue, embedding shrapnel and eventually leading to the closing of the torch to visitors. The same year, Gutzon Borglum, sculptor of Mount Rushmore, modified the original copper torch by cutting away most of the copper in the flame, retrofitting glass panes and installing an internal light[citation needed]. After these modifications, the torch severely leaked rainwater and snowmelt, accelerating corrosion inside the statue. President Franklin D. Roosevelt rededicated the Statue of Liberty on its 50th anniversary (October 28, 1936).

       As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, Statue of Liberty National Monument, along with Ellis Island and Liberty Island, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966[citation needed].

       In 1984, the Statue of Liberty was added to the World Heritage List. [9]

       [edit] Origin of the copper

       Historical records make no mention of the source of the copper used in the Statue of Liberty. In the village of Visnes in the municipality of Karm?y, Norway, tradition holds that the copper came from the French-owned Visnes Mine.[10][11] Ore from this mine, refined in France and Belgium, was a significant source of European copper in the late nineteenth century. In 1985, Bell Laboratories used emission spectrography to compare samples of copper from the Visnes Mines and from the Statue of Liberty, found the spectrum of impurities to be very similar, and concluded that the evidence argued strongly for a Norwegian origin of the copper.

       [edit] Liberty Centennial

       This section does not cite its references or sources.

       You can help Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations.

       The Statue of Liberty was one of the earliest beneficiaries of a cause marketing campaign. A 1983 promotion advertised that for each purchase made with an American Express card, American Express would contribute one penny to the renovation of the statue. The campaign generated contributions of $1.7 million to the Statute of Liberty restoration project. In 1984, the statue was closed so that a $62 million renovation could be performed for the statue's centennial. Chrysler chairman Lee Iacocca was appointed by President Reagan to head the commission overseeing the task (but was later dismissed "to avoid any question of conflict" of interest).[12] Workers erected scaffolding around the statue, obscuring it from public view until the rededication on July 4, 1986. Inside work began with workers using liquid nitrogen to remove seven layers of paint applied to the interior of the copper skin over the decades. That left two layers of tar originally applied to plug leaks and prevent corrosion. Blasting with baking soda removed the tar without further damaging the copper. Larger holes in the copper skin had edges smoothed then mated with new copper patches.[citation needed]

       Each of the 1,350 shaped iron ribs backing the skin had to be removed and replaced. The iron had experienced galvanic corrosion wherever it contacted the copper skin, losing up to 50% of its thickness. Bartholdi had anticipated the problem and used an asbestos/pitch combination to separate the metals, but the insulation had worn away decades before. New bars of stainless steel bent into matching shapes replaced the iron bars, with Teflon film separating them from the skin for further insulation and friction reduction. Liquid nitrogen was again introduced to parts of the copper skin in a cryogenics process which was treated by a (now defunct) Michigan company called CryoTech[citation needed] to ensure certain individual parts of the statue were strengthened and would last longer after installation.

       The internal structure of the upraised right arm was reworked. The statue was erected with the arm offset 18" (0.46 m) to the right and forward of Eiffel's central frame, while the head was offset 24" (0.61 m) to the left, which compromised the framework. Theory held that Bartholdi made the modification without Eiffel's involvement after seeing the arm and head were too close. Engineers considered reinforcements made in 1932 insufficient and added diagonal bracing in 1984 and 1986 to make the arm structurally sound.

       [edit] New Torch

       Original torch, replaced in 1986.A new torch replaced the original, which was deemed beyond repair because of the extensive 1916 modifications. The 1886 torch is now located in the monument's lobby museum. The new torch has gold plating applied to the exterior of the "flame," which is illuminated by external lamps on the surrounding balcony platform. Upgraded climate control systems and two elevators (one to the top of the pedestal and a small emergency elevator to the crown) were added. The Statue of Liberty was reopened to the public on July 5, 1986.

       [edit] After 9/11

       Until September 11, 2001, the interior of the statue was open to visitors. They would arrive by ferry and could climb the circular single-file stairs (limited by the available space) inside the metallic statue, exposed to the sun out in the harbor (the interior reaching extreme temperatures, particularly in summer months), and about 30 people at a time could fit up into her crown. This provided a broad view of New York Harbor (she faces the ocean, and France) through 25 windows, the largest approximately 18" (46 cm) in height. The view did not, therefore, include the skyline of New York City, however. The wait outside regularly exceeded 3 hours, excluding the wait for ferries and ferry tickets.

       Liberty Island closed on September 11, 2001; the islands reopened in December, and the statue itself reopened on August 3, 2004. Currently, the museum and ten-story pedestal are open for visitation. The interior of the statue remains closed, although a glass ceiling in the pedestal allows for views of Eiffel's iron framework.

       Visitors to Liberty Island and the Statue are currently subject to restrictions, including personal searches similar to the security found in airports.

       That was not the first time, however, that the Statue of Liberty had been threatened by terrorism. On February 18, 1965, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) announced it had uncovered a plot by three commandos from the Black Liberation Front, who were connected to Cuba, and a female co-conspirator from Montreal seeking independence for Quebec from Canada, who were sent to destroy the statue and at least two other national shrines - the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia and the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C.

       In June 2006, a bill, S. 3597, was proposed in Congress which, if approved, could re-open the crown and interior of the Statue of Liberty to visitors. Approval or disapproval of this bill will probably occur in early- to mid-2007.[13]

       On August 9, 2006 National Park Service Director Fran Mainella, in a letter to Congressman Anthony Weiner of New York stated that the crown and interior of the statue would remain closed indefinitely. The letter stated that "the current access patterns reflect a responsible management strategy in the best interests of all our visitors.".[14]

       [edit] Jumps

       At 2:45 p.m. on February 2, 1912, steeplejack Frederick R. Law successfully performed a parachute jump from the observation platform surrounding the torch. It was done with the permission of the army captain administering the island. The New York Times reported that he "fell fully seventy-five feet [23 m] like a dead weight, the parachute showing no inclination whatsoever to open at first", but he then descended "gracefully", landed hard, and limped away.[15]

       The first and so far only death on Liberty Island occurred on May 13, 1929. The Times reported a witness as saying the man, later identified as Ralph Gleason, crawled out through one of the windows of the crown, turned around as if to return, "seemed to slip" and "shot downward, bouncing off the breasts of the statue in the plunge." The body landed on a patch of grass at the base, just a few feet from a workman who was mowing the grass.[16]

       自由女神像

       自由女神像（Statue of Liberty），又称“自由照耀世界”（英语：Liberty Enlightening the World，法语：Liberté éclairant le monde），是法国在1876年赠送给美国的独立100周年礼物，位於美国纽约市哈德逊河口附近。雕像所在的自由岛是观光重点。

       法国著名雕塑家巴托尔迪历时10年艰辛完成了雕像的雕塑工作，女神的外貌设计来源于雕塑家的母亲，而女神高举火炬的右手则是以雕塑家妻子的手臂为蓝本。

       自由女神穿着古希腊风格的服装，所戴头冠有象征世界七大洲及七大洋的七道尖芒。女神右手高举象征自由的火炬，左手捧着刻有1776年7月4日的《独立宣言》，脚下是打碎的手铐、脚镣和锁链。她象征着自由、挣脱暴政的约束，在1886年10月28日落成并揭幕。雕像锻铁的内部结构是由后来建造了巴黎埃菲尔铁塔的居斯塔夫·埃菲尔设计的。

       自由女神像高46米，加基座为93米，重200多吨，是金属铸造，置于一座混凝土制的台基上。自由女神的底座是著名的约瑟夫·普利策筹集10万美金建成的，现在的底座是一个美国移民史博物馆。

       1984年，自由女神像被列为世界文化遗产。

       数据

       搭建安装雕像所用时间 3个半月

       手的长度 5.5米

       雕像的厚度 8米

       雕像头部可容纳的人 40人数

       雕像总重 (80吨铜 + 120吨钢) 200吨

       铜板的厚度 2.37毫米

       从法国搬运到美国时所用的集装箱数 210个

       建造支出 343 000欧元

       开工日期 1866年7月12日

帮忙找英语文章

       主要的语法问题是单数和复数,还有就是单词有些拼写错误和标点.大概改了一下,不是很详细,参考一下吧!

       Olympics are kind of harmony, freedom, health, and positive modern ethics. It wants to establish a way of life that base on the interests and lessons experienced by making efforts. Ethical values of Olympic are the greatest respect and advocacy to potential and creation, to civilization and good order. It inherits and carries forward good moral and code of ethics as well. It guides people to pursuit the most optimal ethical concepts of survival and development which is a guarantee that coordinate people and the environment that developed coordinately between individual and our society.

       Olympic is common heritage of human civilization, excited game, young volunteers' training, sports facilities'

       construction, and idea of urban planning, brilliant performances, and the broadcast of competition are the entire valuable Olympic heritage. In the era of globalization, Olympic has been the brilliant event gathering all civilizations and cultures over the world.

       Today Olympic has become a common desire, a common expect, a common wish from the whole world. it enriched and enlarged itself increasingly and has become the spiritual heritage which innovate and improve constantly.

       Olympics spirit faced with many questions and the challenge. These questions and the challenges were already unable to provide the answer only to depend on Western civilization oneself, because it take the Western civilization as a foundation. China traditional culture and Eastern philosophy have given the rich inspiration significance response, and have infused the new vigor for the Olympics culture.

       2008 namely passes in an instant, Olympic Games are short, but the enlightenment of Olympic Games has brought to us is eternal; in the athletic field, victory and defeat is temporary, but the Olympic Games spirit is forever. Although the Olympic Games already ended, but the great Olympic spirit keeps forever!

求一篇英语演讲稿

       Chinese New Year starts with the New Moon on the first day of the new year and ends on the full moon 15 days later. The 15th day of the new year is called the Lantern Festival, which is celebrated at night with lantern displays and children carrying lanterns in a parade.

       The Chinese calendar is based on a combination of lunar and solar movements. The lunar cycle is about 29.5 days. In order to "catch up" with the solar calendar the Chinese insert an extra month once every few years (seven years out of a 19-yearcycle). This is the same as adding an extra day on leap year. This is why, according to the solar calendar, the Chinese New Year falls on a different date each year.

       New Year's Eve and New Year's Day are celebrated as a family affair, a time of reunion and thanksgiving. The celebration was traditionally highlighted with a religious ceremony given in honor of Heaven and Earth, the gods of the household and the family ancestors.

       The sacrifice to the ancestors, the most vital of all the rituals, united the living members with those who had passed away. Departed relatives are remembered with great respect because they were responsible for laying the foundations for the fortune and glory of the family.

       The presence of the ancestors is acknowledged on New Year's Eve with a dinner arranged for them at the family banquet table. The spirits of the ancestors, together with the living, celebrate the onset of the New Year as one great community. The communal feast called "surrounding the stove" or weilu. It symbolizes family unity and honors the past and present generations.

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       Happy Chinese New year !! Let's celebrate this Lunar Chinese New Year in true cyber style. Send an electronic greeting to your loved ones, friends, relatives and colleagues. Postage is FREE!! It's easy, all you need to do is just choose the card, choose a greeting, fill in the empty fields and type in the recipents email address. Preview your card and when ready, click on the SEND button.

       Your friend will then be notified via email as soon as when the postcard is sent! Just remember to type in the address carefully======================

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       History of the San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade

       In 1847 San Francisco was a sleepy little village known as Yerba Buena with a population of 459. With the discovery of gold and the ensuing California Gold Rush, by 1849, over 50,000 people had come to San Francisco to seek their fortune or just a better way of life. Among those were many Chinese, who had come to work in the gold mines and on the railroad. By the 1860's, the Chinese were eager to share their culture with those who were unfamiliar with it. They chose to showcase their culture by using a favorite American tradition - the Parade. Nothing like it had ever been done in their native China. They invited a variety of other groups from the city to participate, and they marched down what today are Grant Avenue and Kearny Street carrying colorful flags, banners, lanterns, and drums and firecrackers to drive away evil spirits.

       Since 1958, the Parade has been under the direction of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce. At that time, it was moved from the afternoon to the evening so as not to compete with the very popular Miss Chinatown U.S.A. contest. The Parade remained a local community activity along Grant Avenue until the mid 1970's, when the fire department and ever growing crowds dictated that the Parade route be moved to wider streets.

       When KTVU, Channel 2, started televising the Parade in 1987, the Chinese Chamber of Commerce realized that although the Parade would still represent the community,its growth would demand a commitment to higher quality and corporate sponsorship involvement. The Chinese New Year celebration was expanded to a two week Festival including a Flower Market Fair and Community Fair.

       Today, the San Francisco Chinese New Year Festival and Parade is the largest celebration of its kind in the world, attracting over three million spectators and television viewers throughout the U.S., Canada, and Asia with the help of both KTVU/Fox 2 and KTSF, Channel 26 (Chinese broadcast).

       The parade still welcomes a variety of other groups to join in the march, and still hopes to educate, enrich and entertain its audience with the colorful pageantry of Chinese culture and tradition. In order to retain the integrity of the Parade, participants are asked to tie their float or specialty unit to a Chinese cultural theme. We are honored and delighted to have representatives from other Asian cultures participating in this year's festivities.

       Gung Hay Fat Choy!

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       The symbols and activities of the Chinese New Year come to life in these three children's picture books about the fifteen-day celebration of the Chinese New Year that takes place at different times each year between late January and late February. These three books provide a fascinating look at this holiday as it is celebrated in the United States and in China.

       1) "Celebrating Chinese New Year"

       What’s it like to celebrate Chinese New Year in the United States? This delightful 32-page book by Diane Hoyt-Goldsmith documents the celebration of fourth grader Ryan Leong and his family, who lives in San Francisco. The crisp, colorful photographs by Lawrence Migdale show Ryan and his family as they prepare for the holiday and the text explains the reasons for the various activities. The book includes both a glossary and an index. (Holiday House, 1998. ISBN: 0823415201)

       2) "Happy, Happy Chinese New Year!"

       This book by author and illustrator Demi is enfused with the joy of the Chinese New Year, both its preparations and celebrations. With simple text and captivating illustrations, Demi provides an overview of the activities in which the Chinese participate before and during Chinese New Year. I would recommend this book for four- to eight-year-olds as well as for adults who enjoy Demi's artwork. (Crown Books for Young Readers,2003. ISBN: 0375826424)

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       Traditional Celebration of the Chinese New Year

       Of all the traditional Chinese festivals, the new Year was perhaps the most elaborate, colorful, and important. This was a time for the Chinese to congratulate each other and themselves on having passed through another year, a time to finish out the old, and to welcome in the new year. Common expressions heard at this time are: GUONIAN to have made it through the old year, and BAINIAN to congratulate the new year.

       Turning Over a New Leaf

       The Chinese New year is celebrated on the first day of the First Moon of the lunar calendar. The corresponding date in the solar calendar varies from as early as January 21st to as late as February 19th. Chinese New Year, as the Western new Year, signified turning over a new leaf. Socially, it was a time for family reunions, and for visiting friends and relatives. This holiday, more than any other Chinese holiday, stressed the importance of family ties. The Chinese New year's Eve dinner gathering was among the most important family occasions of the year.

       Sweeping of the Grounds

       Preparations for the Chinese New Year in old China started well in advance of the New Year's Day. The 20th of the Twelfth Moon was set aside for the annual housecleaning, or the "sweeping of the grounds". Every corner of the house must be swept and cleaned in preparation for the new year. SpringCouplets, written in black ink on large vertical scrolls of red paper, were put on the walls or on the sides of the gate-ways. These couplets, short poems written in Classical Chinese, were expressions of good wishes for the family in the coming year. In addition, symbolic flowers and fruits were used to decorate the house, and colorful new year pictures (NIAN HUA) were placed on the walls (for more descriptions of the symbolism of the flowers and fruits.

       Kitchen God

       After the house was cleaned it was time to bid farewell to the Kitchen God, or Zaowang. In traditional China, the Kitchen God was regarded as the guardian of the family hearth. He was identified as the inventor of fire, which was necessary for cooking and was also the censor of household morals. By tradition, the Kitchen God left the house on the 23rd of the last month to report to heaven on the behavior of the family. At this time, the family did everything possible to obtain a favorable report from the Kitchen God. On the evening of the 23rd, the family would give the Kitchen God a ritualistic farewell dinner with sweet foods and honey. Some said this was a bribe, others said it sealed his mouth from saying bad thins.

       Free from the every-watchful eyes of the Kitchen God, who was supposed to return on the first day of the New Year, the family now prepared for the upcoming celebrations. In old China, stores closed shop on the last two or three days of the year and remained closed for the first week of the New Year. Consequently, families were busy in the last week of the old year stocking up on foods and gifts. Chinese New Year presents are similar in spirit to Christmas presents, although the Chinese tended more often to give food items, such as fruits and tea. The last days of the old year was also the time to settle accumulated. debts.

       Family Celebration

       On the last day of the old year, everyone was busy either in preparing food for the next two days, or in going to the barbers and getting tidied up for the New Year’s Day. Tradition stipulated that all food be pre-pared before the New Year’s Day, so that all sharp instruments, such as knives and scissors, could be put away to avoid cutting the "luck" of the New Year. The kitchen and well were not to be disturbed on the first day of the Year.

       The New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day celebrations were strickly family affairs. All members of the family would gather for the important family meal on the evening of the New year’s Eve. Even if a family member could not attend, an empty seat would be kept to symbolize that person’s presence at the banquet. At midnight following the banquet, the younger members of the family would bow and pay their respects to their parents and elders.

       Lai-See

       On New Year’s Day, the children were given Red Lai-See Envelopes , good luck money wrapped in little red envelopes. On New Year’s day, everyone had on new clothes, and would put on his best behavior. It was considered improper to tell a lie, raise one’s voice, use indecent language, or break anything on the first day of the year.

       Starting from the second day, people began going out to visit friends and relatives, taking with them gifts and Lai-See for the children. Visitors would be greeted with traditional New year delicacies, such as melon seeds, flowers, fruits, tray of togetherness, and NIANGAO, New Year cakes.

       Everybody’s Birthday

       The entire first week was a time for socializing and amusement. On the streets, the stores were closed and an air of gaiety prevailed. There were numberous lion dances, acrobats, theatrical shows, and other diversions. Firecrackers, which symbolized driving away evil spirits, were heard throughout the first two weeks of the New year. The Seventh Day of the New Year was called "everybody’s birthday" as everyone was considered one year older as of that date. (In traditional China, individual birthdays were not considered as important as the New Year’s date. Everyone added a year to his age at New Year’s time rather than at his birthday.)

       Lantern Festival - 15th Day

       The New Year celebrations ended on the 15th of the First Moon with the Lantern Festival. On the evening of that day, people carried lanterns into the streets to take part in a great parade. Young men would highlight the parade with a dragon dance. The dragon was made of bamboo, silk, and paper, and might stretch for more than hundred feet in length. The bobbing and weaving of the dragon was an impressive sight, and formed a fitting finish to the New Year festival.

       Chinese New Year Festival as Seen in the United States

       The Chinse New Year celebration in San Francisco Chinatown and other Chinese American communitites should not be interpreted as direct transplants of Chinese culture. Due to differences in their social environment and physical limitations, these local celebrations have developed special characteristics of their own. Along with old customs imported directly from China, the Chinatown celebrations also contain adaptations from other cultures in the United States.

       Traditional vs Modern

       The first point to be noticed in comparing the Chinatown celebrations of today to that described in the preceeding section is that they have been shortened or simplified. Chinese American stores in this country do not close for a week to celebrate, nor is is likely that a Chinese American could take two weeks off from work. Therefore, many of the festivities have been adapted for the evenings or the weekends. This includes the social visits, the family dinners, and even the Chinatown parade, which is always held on a Saturday. In many Chinese American homes, the annual housecleaning is still done at New Year’s time. Spring Couplets can be seen in Chinatwon stores everywhere, but these are now bought from the Chinse Hospital as a fundraising effort - an interesting variation on an old Chinese custom.

       In addition to the Spring Couplets, the Chinatown lion dances have also been promoted as a fundraising event for the Chinese Hospital. In the earlier days of Chinatown, lion dances were relatively rare. In the 1920’s, a fundraising program was started whereby lion dancers would go from store to store to dance and wish them luck. In return, storekeepers would give Lai-see packets which were donated to the Chinese Hospital.

       Chinatown Festival & Parade

       The Chinatown parade is a bend of typical American marching parades and the traditional Lantern Festival. Although the dragon dance is adopted from the Chinese celebration, the rest of the Chinatown parade, including the beauty pageant, floats, and marching bands, was obviously inspired by non-Chinese models. The parade was first started in 1953 by the Chinese Chamber of Commerce and has since attracted thousands of spectators each year.

       Family Associations

       Some Chinatown festivities also reflect the earlier history of Chinese Americans. Prior to the present generation, the Chinese American community was essentially a bachelor society. Restrictive immigration laws had made it extremely difficult for Chinese families to emigrate to the United States. As a result, most Chinese Americans in the past were not able to hold family dinners at New Years’s time. In place of the family banquets, Chinatown developed a unique tradition of Spring Banquets hosted by the " family associations" in certain Chinese restaurants. These Spring Banquets, originally developed to take the place of family dinners, are still held today, even though Chinatown is no longer a society of single men.

       Terminology & Symbolism

       Chinese Lunar Calendar: The Chinese calendar will often show the dates of both the Gregorian (Western) calendar and the Chinese Lunar Calendar. The Gregorian dates are printed in Arabic numerals, and the Chinese dates in Chinese numerals. Chinese Lunar Calendar is based on the cycles of the moon, and is constructed in a different fashion than the Western solar calendar.

       Family Associations: organized according to family surnames, such as the Wong Family Association, etc., are social clubs or lodges which were first set up in Chinatown to serve the social and personal needs of Chinese workers.

       Flowers: Flowers are an important part of the New year decorations. In old China, much use was made of natural products in celebrations as well as in daily life. The two flowers most associated with the New Year are the plum blossom and the water narcissus

       Lai-See Envelopes: (Also called Hong-Bao) Money is placed in these envelopes and given to children and young adults at New Year’s time, much in the spirit as Christmas presents. Presents are also often exchanged between families.

        Lucky Character: The single word " FOOK ", or fortune, is often displayed in many homes and stores. They are usually written by brush on a diamond-shaped piece of red paper.

       Plum Blossoms: stand for courage and hope. The blossoms burst forth at the end of winter on a seemingly lifeless branch. In Chinese art, plum blossoms are associated with the entire season of winter and not just the New Year.

        Spring Couplets: Spring couplets are traditionally written with black ink on red paper. They are hung in storefronts in the month before the New Year’s Day, and often stay up for two months. They express best wishes and fortune for the coming year. There is a great variety in the writing of these poetic couplets to fit the situation. A store would generally use couplets hat make references to their line of trade. Couplets that say "Happy New Year" and " Continuing Advancement in Education" are apprpriate for a school.

       SweepingOut the Old: Welcoming in the New: Old business from the past year is cleared up

       Tangerines, Oranges, Pomelos: Tangerines and oranges are frequently displayed in homes and stores. Tangerines are symbolic of good luck, and oranges are symbolic of wealth. These symbols have developed through a language pun, the word for tangerine having the same sound as "luck" in Chinese, and the word for orange having the same sound as "wealth". Pomelos are large pear-shaped grapefruits.

       Tray of Togetherness: Many families keep a tray full of dried fruits, sweets, and candies to welcome guests and relatives who drop by. This tray is called a chuen-hop, or "tray of togetherness". Traditionally, it was made up of eight compartments, each of which was filled with a special food item of significance to the New Year season.

       Water Narcissus: Flower that blossoms at New Year’s time. If the white flowers blossom exactly on the day of the New Year, it is believed to indicate good fortune for the ensuing twelve months.

        Chinese Zodiac: The rotating cycle of twelve animal signs was a fok method for naming the years in traditional China. The animal signs for one another in an established order, and are repeated every twelve years. 1976 was the Year of the Dragon, 1977 was the year of the Snake.

       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       A Different New Year Book:

       Learn about about Chinese New Year!

       This teacher’s guide, produced as part of the Ethnic Heritage Studies Project of the Chinese Culture Foundation, is an effort to develop teaching materials on the Chinese New Year festival suitable for use in secondary schools. This teacher’s guide was written by Joe Huang. Requests for information concerning this manual or the Ethnic Heritage Studies Project should be addressed to the Chinese Culture Foundation, 750 Kearny Street, San Francisco, CA 94108.

       范文一]

       China has its own sport legends. Back to Song Dynasty, People started to play a game called Cuju, which is regarded as THE origin of Ancient football. So now, you will understand why our women football team is so good today

       With a concept inspired by the famed Silk Road, our Torch Relay will break new ground, traveling from Olympia through some of the oldest civilizations known to man-Greek, Indian and Chinese. Carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics. “ The flame will pass through Tibet, cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, Travel the Great Wall and visit Taiwan and the 56 Ethnic communities who make up our society. On its journey, the flame will be seen by and inspire more human beings than any previous relay.

       I am afraid I cannot prevent the whole picture of our cultural programs within such a short period of time. Actually, what we have shown you here today is only a fraction of Beijing that awaits you. Ladies and gentlemen, I believe that Beijing will prove to be a land of wonders to athletes, spectators and the worldwide television audience alike. Come and join us.

       Thank you. Thank you all.

       [范文二]

       I was born in Beijing and live in Beijing, and I love Beijing very much. When I heard that Beijing will have a chance to hold the 2008 Olympic Games I feel very happy and excited, and I hope I can do something useful to build Beijing into a beautiful and energetic city.

       I n the twenty-first century, environment is becoming more and more important, so we have Green Olympic as a slogan. Of course slogan is just a goal, the most important thing is we should do some things to make it true. Such as assort the trash, save the energy and so on. We are still students now, so we cant do anything really big. But if everybody does something good for our environment we could make Beijing more beautiful.

       In fact the things we can do are easy. Like not littering the useless batteries everywhere, assort the trash which we want to throw away, and also protect the animals and plants around us, because they are important parts of the energetic Beijing.

       Luckily I had a chance to take part in an activity that is we planted 5 trees in our campus. My classmates and I worked very hard. This activity doesnt only plant trees, but also contribute to our environment. Look at the trees, I believe, tomorrow there will be more trees and flowers standing in Beijing and give Beijingers a beautiful environment.

       We are all Chinese people, live on the earth. We have only one capital, just like we have only one earth. If we dont beautify our environment, who will? Good environment depends on good human consciousness. We should say that protecting our

       surroundings is not easy. Thats why Im standing here to summon people do it.

       The 2008 Olympics games is coming, this is a chance for us to show the good environment we have to other people. If we do from the bottom of our heart, Beijings tomorrow will be more brilliant it will have blue skies, cleaner rivers. Who dont want Beijing to become more and more beautiful? If we do our best, tomorrow will be better!

       Thanks

       明天会更好

       我是一个生在北京，长在北京的男孩。对这座城市有着深厚的感情。2001年北京申办2008奥运会成功，我感到无比的兴奋与喜悦并发自内心地希望可以为建设一个生态北京，办好一次绿色奥运尽自己的一份绵薄之力。

       在经济飞速发展的21世纪，环境的好与坏逐渐成为了衡量一个城市优劣的重要标准。因此，我们有了绿色奥运的口号。当然了，口号是指导，最重要的还是要落实到行动当中。诸如垃圾分类，绿色能源，绿色发电等等等等，都是国家为打造生态北京、绿色奥运做出的不懈努力。当然，依旧是学生的我们或许无法做什么大事，但如果每一个人都有心去做一点，那么我们千千万万的北京学子们一定可以让北京美起来！

       其实我们要做的也很简单：每当有用完的废电池不要乱扔，应集中交给回收站处理；每当有生活垃圾要扔掉的时候，应认真地进行垃圾分类，再扔进垃圾箱内；而且我们也应当学会保护身边的动植物，一花一草，一鸟一虫都是生态北京的一个重要组成部分。

       非常幸运的我曾亲身参与过一次绿色活动。就在今年植树节前夕，我和全班同学一起在校园内种了五棵针叶松。那天风很大，同学们铲土的铲土，挑水的挑水丝毫不怠慢。我和组里的几个男生也运起力量将树苗放进挖好的坑里。十几分钟的时间树都栽好了。活动稍显短暂甚至有些仓促。但这不只是为给学校种几棵树。而是自己为了一方环境做出贡献，以自己的劳动给城市的绿色添上新的一笔。看着眼前的五棵树牵手，我坚信，明天必将有更多更高大的绿树矗立。这片绿色会从我们心底延伸出去，覆盖我们的北京城使它充满活力，生机勃勃。给绿色奥运一个美丽的环境，给我们北京的居民们一个美丽的环境。

       亲身经历讲完了，最终的目的其实还是希望大家--每一位中学生都应该在心里树立一种主人公意识！我们都是中国人，生活在共同的神州大地上。首都只有一个，正如地球也只有一个，不去美化他们，还有谁值得我们为之付出？美好的自然环境是建立在优质的人文环境基础上的。每一个人主人翁意识的形成和综合素质的提高其实都是在为我们北京的环境打下基础，人文环境越来越好，自然环境必将随之好上加好！当环保不再只是纸上的两个字，不在只是一句空洞的口号时。是否每一个人都还有喊口号时的那份热情，真的愿意弯下腰拾起路边的垃圾，真的能握住手中的废纸坚持走道垃圾箱旁再放下，或是为自己身边的花花草草着想，不随意践踏了他们。我们不得不承认这不容易，这或许也是我之所以站在这里的原因，去说，去号召并以自己的光彩感染别人。

       2008奥运将至，这是我们向世界展示环保成果的一次机会，也是对我们环保的一次考验。要如何去把这个绿色奥运办的名副其实，让全世界为之赞叹，需要我们每一个人的努力！只要我们用心去做了，北京的明天一定会更加美好，这里的天会更蓝，水会更清，处处闻啼鸟不会只是意境，群星拱月之美，也将不只是想象。这样的北京谁不想要！只要我们人人都付出了努力，北京的明天会更好！

       谢谢。

       北京市海淀外国语实验学校

       ******

       [范文三]

       年前北京着手申办2008年北京奥运会开始，2008年北京奥运会这个话题就一直备受关注。目前关注的焦点已从申办之初许下的诺言转移到如何真正履行诺言。在我看来，要跨越诺言与现实之间的鸿沟，北京还有很长一段路要走。

       The 2008 Olympic Game has been the most discussed and anticipated event through out Beijing ever since Beijing bid for it years ago. Yet the focus has shifted from making a promise to making good a promise after Beijing’s successful bid. In my opinion, to bridge the gap between a promise and reality, Beijing still has a long way to go. Here are some of my ideas on how to fill that gap.

       首先，在所有亟待解决的问题中，跨越英语口语这一难关至关重要。学会一门语言的关键在于坚持不懈。我们到能不能做到让大多数国人在2008年到来之前都学会说英语？这一问题需要我们不断努力和尝试。

       First, the speaking of English is far most important than all other difficulties. Learning a language takes a long time and a lot of heart ship, it’s not easy. So can we get most of Chinese to speak English before 2008? It needs us to try and practice very hard.

       迎奥运英语演讲稿范文

       China has its own sport legends. Back to Song Dynasty, People started to play a game called Cuju, which is regarded as THE origin of Ancient football. So now, you will understand why our women football team is so good today

       With a concept inspired by the famed Silk Road, our Torch Relay will break new ground, traveling from Olympia through some of the oldest civilizations known to man-Greek, Indian and Chinese. Carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics. “ The flame will pass through Tibet, cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, Travel the Great Wall and visit Taiwan and the 56 Ethnic communities who make up our society. On its journey, the flame will be seen by and inspire more human beings than any previous relay.

       I am afraid I cannot prevent the whole picture of our cultural programs within such a short period of time. Actually, what we have shown you here today is only a fraction of Beijing that awaits you. Ladies and gentlemen, I believe that Beijing will prove to be a land of wonders to athletes, spectators and the worldwide television audience alike. Come and join us.

       Thank you. Thank you all.

       [范文四]

       奥运英文演讲稿

       Good afternoon!

       Before I introduce our cultural programs, I want to tell you one thing first about 2008. Youre going to have a great time in Beijing.

       China has its own sport legends. Back to Song Dynasty, about the 11th century, people started to play a game called Cuju, which is regarded as the origin of ancient football. The game was very popular and women were also participating. Now, you will understand why our women football team is so good today.

       Cultural events will unfold each year, from 2005 to 2008. We will stage multi-disciplined cultural programs, such as concerts, exhibitions, art competitions and camps which will involve young people from around the world. During the Olympics, they will be staged in the Olympic Village and the city for the benefit of the athletes.

       Our Ceremonies will give Chinas greatest-and the worlds greatest artists a stage for celebrating the common aspirations of humanity and the unique heritage of our culture and the Olympic Movement.

       At last, I believe that Beijing will prove to be a land of wonders to athletes, spectators and the worldwide television audience alike. Come and join us.

       Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you all.

       奥运演讲稿中文翻译

       译文:

       你好! 在我介绍我们的文化节目之前, 我想首先告诉你一 件事大约2008 年。你将会去有了不起的时光在北京。中国有 它自己的体育传奇。回到宋朝, 关于第11 个世纪, 人们开始演奏赛 称Cuju, 被认为古老橄榄球的起源。这场比赛非常普遍并且妇女并 且参与。现在, 你了解为什么我们的女子橄榄球队今天很好。文化 事件每年将展开, 从2005 年到2008 年。我们将演出多被磨练的文 化节目, 譬如音乐会, 陈列, 艺术将涉及青年人世界各地的竞争对 手和阵营。在奥林匹克其间, 他们将被演出在奥林匹克村庄和这个 城市为运动员的目的。我们的仪式将给中国和世界的伟大人民, 最了不起的艺术家一个阶段为庆祝人类和我们的文化 和奥林匹克运动独特遗产的共同志向。最后, 我相信北京将被证明 是奇迹土地对运动员, 观众和全世界电视观众。来加入我.谢谢总统,谢谢大家

       [范文五]

       我们的奥运 ... 中文奥运演讲稿

       演讲人：***

       **，代表了北京，代表了我们，黄皮肤黑眼睛的炎黄子孙。北京，作为中国的首都，长期以来都是奥林匹克运动最积极的支持者和参与者。早在1991年我们就首次提出了申奥的请求，作为一个北京人，我永远不会忘记八年前在蒙特卡罗，2000年奥运会主办城的投票现场，投票前，由12名与我年龄相近的女孩代表北京演唱了《茉莉花》；那歌声很美，很动人。然而，我永远难忘的确是在北京落选时，她们放声大哭的情景。那一次，北京输了。但，我们从不曾放弃。正如奥林匹克精神所号召的那样“The most important thing is not to win,but to take part;Just as the most important thing in the life is not principle,but struggle。”北京有1500万市民，民意调查表明：支持申奥的占了94．9％。这个数字是惊人的，北京人申奥的热情，更是巴黎，大阪，多伦多或是伊斯坦布尔所望尘莫及。歌德曾经说过：“光有意志是不够的，我们必须见诸于行动。”作为一个发展中国家的首都，北京申奥的科技实力是引人关注的。那么，就让我们到北京城里看一看吧！磁卡电话遍布全市；高速公路四通八达；体育场馆引入纳米技术；交通管理实现电子监控。经过近10年的建设和发展，北京己经比首次申奥具备了更强的科技实力。 绿色，代表了环境，是地球村的色彩。科技一日千里的今天，人们并没有忽视对环境的爱护。在地球村的理念中，绿色是永恒的主题。近20年来，奥运也顺应时代，强调奥运与环境相结合。因此，北京要办的奥运是绿色的奥运。一方面，市民们自愿出力建设奥运林，为古长城增添新景，另一方面，政府投资修建“五河十路”绿色通道，为北京又添绿衣，到2000年为止，全市绿色覆盖率以达36％，人均公共绿地达9平方米。北京用双手建造了一个绿色的家园，更期盼一个绿色的奥运。

       选择了色彩，或许有人会问我画面的内容。是这样的：2008，绿色的地球村将迎来又一个全人类的体育盛典，火红的圣火走进了一个古老的东方国度，届时，我们，所有的炎黄子孙将高唱同一首歌《NEW BEIJING，GREAT OLYMPIC》

       体育就是沙场，需要紧守着傲气傲骨，报纸奉上的都是捷报，绝不递上降表。我们并非惟金牌论，所以每每为突破性的成就击节，比如男篮掀翻塞黑后，大鸣赞歌；我们不能容忍所谓阴谋与算计，于是对主裁花剑男团的黑心哨，大打出手，对应着郭兰英的唱词：若是那豺狼来了，迎接它的有猎枪。尽管那月那天往事如烟，成为日渐模糊的记忆碎片，像胜负未分的忐忑、气冲霄汉的豪情，或者是触及心扉的错愕，云云种种，都已远去。

       直到现在，我们生存的媒体依然保持着奥运模式下的习惯，见美眉叫杜丽，逢帅哥唤田亮，赞美别人高效率的方法是：你的速度，很刘翔。

       记得男子110米栏决赛时，凌晨2时，三十多个夜班编辑挤在休息室看直播，我被裹挟在里面，四周都是扑通扑通的心跳。漫长的12秒91过去，声浪瞬间爆发，我的同事合力发出山西晚报历史上最嘹亮的欢呼，“刘翔，刘翔！”我摸索出手机，给一个请假的同事打去，声音颤抖地说：“听听这珍贵的咆哮。”

       离年终盘点也还有两个月，不知还有多少激昂将要见诸我们的报端。当2004年的回忆分支被条条框框成了大事记，或热血如同白云苍狗飘浮，也不能淡忘，红色八月。

       好了，关于“heritage event”的讨论到此结束。希望大家能够更深入地了解“heritage event”，并从我的解答中获得一些启示。